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What tasks do the cores, TMUs and ROPs in the GPU do?


The cores, TMUs and ROPs of a GPU each have different tasks that contribute to the overall performance of the graphics card:






1. Cores (CUDA Cores or Stream Processors)
2. TMUs (Texture Mapping Units)
3. ROPs (Render Output Units or Raster Operations Pipelines)
4. Interaction of these units








1.) Cores (CUDA Cores or Stream Processors)



- These cores are the actual processing units of the GPU and perform parallel calculations.

- They are responsible for shader calculations, such as rendering 3D objects, lighting calculations, or physics effects.

- At NVIDIA, they are called CUDA Cores ; at AMD, they are called Stream Processors .




2.) TMUs (Texture Mapping Units)



- These units are responsible for processing textures.

- They perform tasks such as filtering (bilinear, trilinear, anisotropic) and adapting textures to 3D models.

- The more TMUs a GPU has, the faster textures can be loaded and processed.




3.) ROPs (Render Output Units oder Raster Operations Pipelines)



- These units are responsible for the final rendering of the pixels.

- They perform anti-aliasing, color operations, depth and stencil testing.

- The number of ROPs influences the maximum pixel fill rate, i.e., how many pixels can be written to the screen per second.




4.) Interaction of these units





- Cores calculate the shader programs and general graphics operations.


- TMUs load and process the textures for the rendered objects.


- ROPs write the final image to the framebuffer and determine which pixels are actually visible.

More cores, TMUs, and ROPs don't automatically mean more performance—architecture, clock speeds, and memory bandwidth also play a major role.

(Image-1) What tasks do the cores, TMUs and ROPs in the GPU do?
What tasks do the cores, TMUs and ROPs in the GPU do?


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