1.) The purpose of SecureZeroMemory and ZeroMemory:
- ZeroMemory:
This function fills a memory block with zeros (setting all bytes to 0 ). It is a wrapper function around RtlZeroMemory and is primarily used to set a memory area to a defined state.
- SecureZeroMemory:
This function performs the same task, also setting all bytes of a memory block to 0 , but it is specifically designed to ensure that the operation is not removed by compiler optimizations. This is particularly important for security-critical information (e.g., passwords or cryptographic keys) that should be deleted from memory after use.
2.) The optimization:
- ZeroMemory:
Because it is used for general-purpose tasks, the compiler might optimize the function under certain circumstances and possibly omit it if it decides that overwriting the memory is unnecessary (e.g., if the data will no longer be used after being set to 0 ).
- SecureZeroMemory:
This function ensures that memory erasure is not affected by optimizations. The memory is actually set to 0 , which is crucial for protecting sensitive data.
3.) When to use which function?
ZeroMemory is sufficient
if the only task is to erase or initialize memory in a non-safety-critical application. SecureZeroMemory
should always be used when sensitive data needs to be removed from memory, such as in security-relevant contexts, to ensure that the memory is reliably erased after use.
4.) SecureZeroMemory Conclusion:
SecureZeroMemory is
the better choice for security-critical applications because it ensures that memory erasure is guaranteed and not removed through optimizations.
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